SATUAN ACARA PENYULUHAN (SAP) KANKER PAYUDARA

A.   Identifikasi Masalah

              Kasus kanker payudara di seluruh dunia terus mengalami peningkatan, baik di negara-negara barat maupun di negara-negara bagian Asia.  WHO (World Health Organization) tahun 2008, menyebutkan sebanyak 458.000 mortalitas per tahun akibat kanker payudara.

Data terbaru dari American Cancer Society telah menghitung bahwa di tahun 2013, terdapat 64.640 kasus kanker payudara. Sekitar 39.620 wanita meninggal dunia setiap tahunnya karena kanker payudara. Data Pathologi Based Cancer Registry bekerja sama dengan Yayasan Kanker Indonesia, menunjukkan kanker payudara di Indonesia menduduki peringkat kedua dari semua jenis kanker yang sering diderita oleh wanita (Luwia, 2009).

Berdasarkan data Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit (SIRS) tahun 2009, kanker payudara menempati urutan pertama pada pasien rawat inap di seluruh rumah sakit Indonesia sebesar 21,69%, disusul kanker leher rahim sebesar 17 % (Rasjidi, 2009). Berdasarkan data Global Burden Of Cancer, angka kejadian kanker payudara di Indonesia sebanyak 26 per 100.000 perempuan (Bambang, 2010). Dokter spesialis bedah Kanker Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais yaitu Sutjipto (2013) menyatakan saat ini penderita kanker payudara di Indonesia mencapai 100 dari 100.000 penduduk. Sekitar 60-70% dari penderita tersebut datang pada stadium tiga, yang kondisinya terlihat semakin parah (Depkes, 2013).

Kanker payudara masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang belum dapat diatasi karena banyaknya faktor penyebab, seperti kurangnya alat diagnosis seperti mammografi, USG maupun dari segi keterampilan tenaga medis dalam mendiagnosis keganasan payudara. Namun, hal yang paling berpengaruh adalah minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat sendiri mengenai penyakit ini. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan mengenai kanker payudara ke berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Hal ini bertujuan untuk membangkitkan motivasi wanita untuk melindungi diri dari kanker payudara.

B.   Pengantar

1.    Pokok bahasan               :    Kanker Payudara

2.    Sub pokok bahasan

a.    Anatomi payudara

b.    Pengertian kanker payudara

c.    Penyebaran Kanker Payudara

d.    Etiologi kanker payudara

e.    Klasifikasi kanker payudara

f.     Tanda dan gejala kanker payudara

g.    Diagnosis kanker payudara

h.    Pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI)

3.    Waktu pelaksanaan        :   

4.    Tempat pelaksanaan      :   

5.    Sasaran                            :    Wanita Usia Subur (WUS)

C.   Tujuan Instruksional Umum

               Setelah mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan selama 45 menit, sasaran diharapkan dapat mengetahui dan memahami tentang kanker payudara.

D.   Tujuan Intruksional Khusus

               Setelah mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan selama 45 menit, sasaran diharapkan dapat  :

1.    Menjelaskan kembali tentang pengertian payudara dan bagian-bagiannya.

2.    Menjelaskan kembali tentang pengertian kanker payudara.

3.    Menjelaskan kembali tentang faktor risiko kanker payudara.

4.    Menyebutkan kembali tentang stadium kanker payudara.

5.    Menyebutkan kembali tentang tanda dan gejala kanker payudara.

6.    Menjelaskan kembali tentang pemeriksaan kanker payudara

7.    Menjelaskan kembali tentang cara melawan kanker payudara

KANKER PAYUDARA PADA WANITA

MATERI PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN

TENTANG KANKER PAYUDARA

A.   Anatomi Payudara

               Payudara merupakan suatu kelenjar yang terdiri atas lemak, kelenjar, dan jaringan ikat, yang terdapat di bawah kulit dan di atas otot dada. Payudara wanita mengalami perkembangan saat pubertas dan dapat memproduksi susu sebagai nutrisi bagi bayi (Faiz dan Mofaat, 2003).

               Payudara terdapat tiga bagian utama, yaitu :

1. Korpus (badan), yaitu bagian yang membesar.

Alveolus terdapat di dalam korpus payudara yang berfungsi untuk memproduksi susu. Bagian dari alveolus adalah sel Aciner, jaringan lemak, sel plasma, sel otot polos, dan pembuluh darah. Lobulus, yaitu kumpulan dari alveolus. Lobus, yaitu beberapa lobulus yang berkumpul menjadi 15-20 lobus pada tiap payudara. ASI dsalurkan dari alveolus ke dalam saluran kecil (duktulus), kemudian beberapa duktulus bergabung membentuk saluran yang lebih besar (duktus laktiferus).

2. Areola, yaitu bagian yang kehitaman di tengah

Sinus laktiferus yaitu saluran di bawah areola yang besar, melebar, dan akhirnya memusat ke dalam puting dan bermuara ke luar. Terdapat otot polos di dalam dinding alveolus maupun saluran-saluran yang bila berkontraksi dapat memompa ASI keluar.

3. Papilla atau puting, yaitu bagian yang menonjol di puncak payudara.yang merupakan tempat keluarnya ASI. Bentuk puting ada empat, yaitu bentuk yang normal, pendek/ datar, panjang dan terbenam (inverted).

THE IMPORTANCE OF HIV AND AIDS EDUCATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF HIV AND AIDS EDUCATION

By Nur Ramayanti

What is HIV/AIDS and What is HIV/AIDS education?

AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is spread through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. The most common method of transmission is unprotected sexual intercourse with an HIV-positive partner. Other routes include transfusions of HIV-infected blood or blood products; tissue or organ transplants; use of contaminated needles, syringes, or other skin-piercing equipment; and mother to- child transmission during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.

There was 29,037 people  with HIV and 5,608 people with AIDS in Indonesia reported from January to Desember 2013 based on Directorate General of Centers for Disease Control and Enviromental Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. What a big problem. is not it ? Lets ask our selves. Can we help to reduce the spread of HIV or we can only stand watching this case increases from year to year?

If you ask me the same question, I will answer. Yes We Can. Nothing’s impossible. We can make it by educating people or by introducing HIV and AIDS education. In short words HIV and AIDS education is a weapon to explore public awareness of the dangers of HIV and AIDS.

Why is HIV and AIDS education important?

The expansion and improvement of HIV and AIDS education around the world is critical to prevent the spread of HIV. There are an estimated 34 million people living with the virus, and each year millions more people become infected. Effective HIV and AIDS education can help to prevent new infections by providing people with information about HIV and how it is passed on, and in doing so equip individuals with the knowledge to protect themselves from becoming infected.

HIV and AIDS education also plays a vital role in reducing stigma and discrimination. Around the world, there continues to be a great deal of fear and stigmatisation of people living with HIV, which is fuelled by misunderstanding and misinformation. This not only has a negative impact on people living with the virus, but can also fuel the spread of HIV by discouraging people from seeking testing and treatment.

Who needs HIV and AIDS education?

“AIDS affects many parts of society, and so everyone needs to be aware of HIV and AIDS.” HIV and AIDS education can be effective when targeted at specific groups who are particularly at risk of HIV infection. However, it is important that such a focus does not lead to groups who are considered not ‘at risk’ missing out on HIV and AIDS education. This can lead to a rise in HIV infection rates amongst groups who are often neglected by HIV and AIDS education.

Where does HIV and AIDS education take place?

HIV and AIDS education can take place in many different environments, from classes at school to families and friends sharing knowledge at home. It is important that this education is provided in a variety of settings to ensure that the most vulnerable and marginalised groups in society are reached, and that accurate information about HIV and AIDS is reinforced from different sources.

How can HIV and AIDS education be delivered?

There are a great variety of methods and materials that can be used to educate people about HIV and AIDS, including radio & television, booklets, billboards, comic strips, street theatre, fundraising events and many more. The form in which HIV and AIDS education should be delivered depends on those who are being educated. In order to reach the target group, it needs to be considered which environments they will be most receptive in, and what media is most relevant to them. We can start by educating people about how to protect themselves; to understand the difference between HIV and AIDS; and helping to reduce discrimination. Other education strategies are intended to have more immediate effects, and may target people when they are most likely to take part in risky behaviour.

Now, I will tell you following questions that we have to take attention to before we educate people.

a.       What age are the people to be educated?

b.      Are the people to be educated already sexually aware?

c.       Have they been exposed to HIV and AIDS education before?

d.      What language or local dialect do they speak?

e.       Are there cultural issues to be considered? For example, attitudes to sexuality, or laws against portrayal of explicit images or language.

f.       Are people able to do what you're suggesting? There's no point in advising people to use condoms if none are available to them, or to use clean needles if needle exchanges are illegal.

What is needed?

This HIV and AIDS education needs to be supported by other prevention efforts such as providing condoms and clean injecting equipment, and making testing facilities available and accessible. In order to ensure that people are willing and able to turn the knowledge they gain from HIV and AIDS education into action, they need more than basic scientific facts. HIV and AIDS education needs to motivate people by making them aware that what they are learning is relevant to their lives. Empowerment is also crucial, as people must be in a position where they are able to take control of their sexual behaviour or methods of drug use.

So I invite you all. Let us give our knowledge and information about HIV and AIDS to our friends, family, neighbours, and to everyone who needs. For all my friends here. Remember, we will become the next health workers. Societies are now waiting for us to be together solve this HIV and AIDS case. One more time. Our knowledge or information about HIV and AIDS is powerful. So,lets use it to seve life, save our country, and save the wolrd.

9 Mitos vs Fakta Perawatan Gigi Ibu Hamil - Gigi & Mulut - Perawatan Gigi

9 Mitos vs Fakta Perawatan Gigi Ibu Hamil - Gigi & Mulut - Perawatan Gigi